Kebabs, Biryani along with Much More: An Indian Metropolis Earns a Spot on UNESCO's Gastronomy List.

Aromatic rice dish cooking using the traditional Dum method
Biryani in Lucknow is simmered on a low, slow heat, with the vessel's cover securely sealed with a paste of flour.

Delectable kebabs, scented biryani, and fluffy, ethereal desserts.

The metropolis in India's north of Lucknow has consistently been a dream destination for epicures, with inhabitants and visitors alike swearing by its exquisite cuisine.

A Global Honor

In a recent announcement, UNESCO recognised it as a Creative City of Gastronomy – placing it on a exclusive roster of world cities and igniting hopes that it will highlight Lucknow's sublime food. With this status, it enters a worldwide network of more than four hundred metropolises across more than 100 countries committed to promoting "creativity as a catalyst of sustainable urban development".

The honor "is a testament to its profound gastronomic legacy and lively culinary scene," according to a official from Unesco's regional bureau for South Asia.

Lucknow is just the second Indian city – after Hyderabad, which was picked in 2019 – to find a place in this highly sought-after list of seventy urban centers internationally.

A City Defined by Food

The recognition for this venerable city arrives as little surprise to its inhabitants or passionate food lovers. Many share the sentiment that it is "an honor long overdue".

With the UNESCO accolade, this adored, lively, and diverse city – the administrative center of India's most populous state – is now in the global gaze for what has consistently shaped its soul: an unparalleled devotion for food.

"'What's for dinner, how should it be prepared' is a constant discussion from morning until night in most homes," notes a local cultural expert. "And you are actually judged by the quality of food that emerges from your kitchen."
Succulent kebabs on a plate
Lucknow is celebrated for its melt-in-the-mouth kebabs.

A Royal Culinary Legacy

The Nawabi City – as it's popularly called after its historic affluent Muslim rulers – is renowned for its tender kebabs and a singular take on biryani that were created, refined, and taken to extraordinary levels in their royal kitchens.

These imperial kitchens were epicenters of food experimentation, fusing Iranian and native Indian styles to create what became known as the culinary tradition of Awadh.

It was during this time that Lucknow's most famous kebabs were created. As the tale is told that the galouti kebab was invented to feed an ageing nawab who had no longer had his teeth. His chefs processed the meat with papaya, saffron, and a blend of spices and made it so soft that it needed no chewing.

But perhaps the greatest contribution of the cooks of Awadh was the slow-cook Dum pukht technique, where food is prepared on a low, leisurely heat, with the container's cover securely sealed with dough.

A Diverse Culinary Landscape

Besides the well-known kebabs and biryani, the cooks also built up a collection of dishes that included kormas (rich curries), sheermal (saffron-infused flatbread), and shahi tukda (a sweet bread pudding).

However, Lucknow is not only about kebabs and biryani – the region is additionally a vegetarian's paradise.

The local traditionally vegetarian community's cuisine doesn't just celebrates seasonal produce but also offers the city its exquisitely crafted Indian desserts, sweets, and unique street food, like chaat – tangy fried snacks.

Fluffy dessert a winter specialty
The city showcases unique treats for the season, such as Makkhan Malai, a one-of-a-kind airy dessert, in the winter.

Hidden Gems and Legacy Eateries

Virtually on countless corners, there are tiny kiosks and stalls – hidden delights that are immensely popular with the locals.

In the central district of Hazratganj, large gatherings start gathering from the crack of dawn at a legendary tea stall to get a steaming cup of spiced tea with milk, served in clay glasses, along with fluffy buns lathered with hand-churned white butter.

In the morning, one can head to a unpretentious joint operating in the historic quarter of Aminabad. Nearly 150 years after it was founded, the place is still much sought-after for its freshly fried kachoris (fried bread stuffed with lentils) and jalebis (crispy, syrup-soaked sweets).

Famous tea stall serving masala chai
A renowned tea stall is noted for its creamy masala chai.

Ensuring Legacy Continues

The city also boasts remarkable seasonal delights, such as makkhan malai, a airy dessert available in the winter. The process of making it is scientific and demanding. The vendor beats the milk and then leaves it out at night, allowing the nighttime moisture to give it its unique frothy texture.

On chilly mornings, street vendors are often seen in historic neighborhoods like Aminabad and Chowk. Many though say that their younger generation are reluctant to master the art.

A celebrity chef from Lucknow has frequently stated that the city's rich food legacy places it at the very pinnacle of the Indian street food experience. The true benefit from the UNESCO recognition, however, will occur only if Lucknow can now generate interest about its lesser-known eateries.

Every dish in Lucknow comes with a history – shaped by family-run food businesses, from humble street carts to bustling restaurants, and closely held family recipes.

The worldwide honor, it is anticipated, will inspire more people globally to explore these tales and experience the city to taste the culinary delights of Lucknow.

Richard Barajas
Richard Barajas

A space technology journalist with a background in astrophysics, passionate about making complex space topics accessible to everyone.

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